教師資格考試英語語法-定語從句
- 時(shí)間:
- 2021-11-22 10:30:12
- 作者:
- 蔡老師
- 閱讀:
- 來源:
- 江西教師資格證
1.關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1)作主語用who,which和that。例:
He is the man who / that lives next door.
The train which / that has just left is for Shenzhen.
(2)作賓語用whom,who,which,that。例:
The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?
(3)作定語用whose。例:
He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
(4)作表語只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時(shí)常省略。例:
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
2.關(guān)系副詞
(1)關(guān)系副詞的用法
① when 指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:
time,day,morning,night,week,year
例:I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
?、?where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,它的先行詞通常有:
place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等
例:This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
?、?why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有:
reason
例:That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
3.連接詞只用that的情況
(1)先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞。
(2)先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)。
(3)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
(4)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。
(5)先行詞被the only,the very修飾時(shí)。
(6)句中已經(jīng)用who或which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù)。
4.連接詞只用which/ who/ whom的情況
(1)在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who / whom指人。
(2)在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,只能用which指物(“介詞+ which”一般在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語,于是“介詞+ which”可以分別用when / where / why代替),whom指人。
(3)先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those / one / he時(shí)多用who。
5.定語從句注意事項(xiàng)
(1)whose的先行詞指物時(shí),可用of which代替,但詞序不同,即whose+名詞=the +n. + of which=of which + the + n.
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room,the window of which faces south.
=He lives in the room,of which the window faces south.
(2)當(dāng)point,situation,case,condition,stage (階段)等詞作先行詞表示“情況、境地、場合”等意思時(shí),用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,where在句中作狀語。例:
I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
(3)先行詞是the way,意為“方式,方法”時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that / in which或省略。例:
I didn’t like the way (that / in which) she talked to me.
【典型例題】
--- Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?
---- It was in the cinema _____ I regularly go.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【答案】C。解析:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略和定語從句。句意:---你在哪里看的由李安導(dǎo)演的電影“少年派的奇幻漂流記”呢?---是在我經(jīng)常去的電影院里。此題往往會(huì)誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型而選B,但是把句子回答完整的話應(yīng)該是it was in the cinema ____ I regularly go that I saw the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee,是省略了和前面句子的相同成分,即強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略,所以從結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷cinema后面是定語從句,句子為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),缺少狀語,應(yīng)該選關(guān)系副詞,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)where為關(guān)系副詞,故選C。